Diodes and LEDS

Forward Bias: Current (hole flow) flows through the diode.

LEDs: Calculating resistor value:

• • Apply the formula: Use the formula "R = (Vsupply - Vled) / Iled" to calculate the required resistor value. 

  • Typical resistor values:
    For common LEDs powered by a 5V source, a resistor value around 220 ohms to 470 ohms is often used. 

Example circuit:

• Power source: 5V battery

• LED: A standard red LED with a forward voltage (Vled) of 2V and a recommended current (Iled) of 20mA. 

Calculation:

R = (Vsupply - Vled) / Iled, R = (5V - 2V) / 0.02A, and R = 150 ohms.