Cosmology

Understanding how the universe opperates could be key to mpore advanced inventions. How did the Universe begin? Where is it going? How does it operate? Many great books and podcasts are available on this. That said favorite out of the box theories of the moment:

Latest From the James Webb:

Its an exciting time right now in Cosmology. The James Webb Telescope is looking near the dawn of time, galaxies who’s light has taken 13 billion years to reach us. What it sees is challenging our theories and minds.

Red stars that appear only from 300 million to 1 billion years after the birth of our Universe, and then they are gone The majority are said to display clear signs of black holes at their centers, yet they don’t read exactly as black holes should, showing no x-ray emission. Thus far it is speculated that they are either collections of 100 billion stars, so massively compact that they mimic a black hole, or they are supper massive black holes.

See Tiny compact galaxies are masters of disguise in the distant universe – searching for secrets behind the Little Red Dots.

https://theconversation.com/tiny-compact-galaxies-are-masters-of-disguise-in-the-distant-universe-searching-for-the-secrets-behind-the-little-red-dots-237273

Lately from Ligo

Gravitational waves—ripples in the very fabric of spacetime—have been detected from incredibly ancient black hole collisions! (Particularly GW19052). These waves are picked up by ultra-sensitive detectors like LIGO, which use laser measurements to track tiny oscillations in the distance between mirrors placed kilometers apart. The age of these cosmic events is determined by their "redshift," the stretching of the wave as it travels through an expanding universe. We know the waves came from black holes thanks to their unique "chirp" signal: a rising frequency and amplitude just before the black holes merge. This chirp also reveals the masses of the black holes, painting a vivid picture of the cataclysmic event billions of years ago.

Interesting points:

• The Schwarzschild radius of a black hole with the mass of all the matter in the observable Universe is almost exactly equal to the observed size of the visible Universe! 

• When a black hole forms, the mass and energy collapses down to a singularity. Similarly, continuing to extrapolate the expanding Universe backwards in time leads to a singularity when temperatures, densities and energies are high enough. 

• A Black hole’s interior is mathematical identical to the black hole’s exterior. 

• Inflation of our universe could be caused by material falling into a the black hole. (Dark Matter, Dark energy).

• Not covered here enough: The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation shares intriguing similarities with what we might observe if we were inside a black hole, due to the way the CMB interacts with space-time curvature and expansion. For an observer inside a spherically symmetric black hole, the event horizon might appear to be equidistant from them in every direction, similar to how we see the CMB as equidistant in all directions within our observable universe. 

Proof would require predictions that differ from those predicted by the current leading model, that we can then go out and test.

Heres a test: if the James Web analysis of Galaxy redshifts ( ongoing to clock any changes in the past speed of inflation) discovered a horizontal line of blue shifted galaxies extending off into the universe. This could demonstrate that we are in a black hole as suggested by Hamilton and Polhemus (2009). Current measurements of usable starclusters indicate that the Expansion is Isotropic (same in all directions). vthere are a few anomlies. And then there's the Hubblke Tension. 

We are living in the projection of a Black Hole

Or, if not in the Black Hole, we could be a projection from a Black Hole, the place where the real universe lies. (we are in the projection or Bulk), In the universe we see time only moves in one direction, in the other?

What is the fabric of space? What is the dark (unseen) energy driving the expansion of the universe, and what is the dark matter that must exist to hold galaxies together?

Favorite theory of Vacuume energy:

Space time is stictched together by matter and antimatter popping in and out of existance., tied together by EPR entanglement  (wherby  two particles originally split are still tied together instantaneously) and tiny Einstein-Rosen bridge wormholes. If Entaglement is mathmatically cut. space comes apart. Entire regions of space could be stitched together by these wormholes.(Brian Greene to Neil deGrasse Tyson (Startalk 2023)).

The ER=EPR conjecture is a theoretical proposal in physics suggesting a deep connection between Einstein-Rosen bridges (commonly known as wormholes, represented by "ER") and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs (pairs of entangled particles, represented by "EPR"). Proposed by physicists Juan Maldacena and Leonard Susskind in 2013, this conjecture posits that entanglement (EPR) and wormholes (ER) are two sides of the same coin—that is, entanglement might actually involve the formation of microscopic wormholes that connect particles across spacetime. 

How is the Cosmic Background Radiation similar to what we would see if we were in a black hole. (Per ChatGPT)

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation does share intriguing similarities with what we might observe if we were inside a black hole, due to the way the CMB interacts with space-time curvature and expansion. Here are some parallels between observing the CMB in our universe and what might happen if we were inside a black hole:

1. Isotropic Radiation from a "Boundary"

• In our universe: The CMB appears isotropic (the same in every direction), giving us the sense that it surrounds us uniformly, as if we were looking outward toward a “boundary” of radiation from every direction.

• Inside a black hole: If we were within a black hole, we might also observe isotropic radiation. This could happen due to the way light and other forms of energy are drawn inward, accumulating toward the event horizon. The event horizon could act as a kind of cosmic boundary emitting or reflecting radiation back at us isotropically, depending on how the black hole interacts with the external universe.

2. Redshifted Radiation

• In our universe: The CMB was originally high-energy radiation (gamma and X-rays) emitted during the early universe, which has since been stretched by the expansion of space over billions of years to longer microwave wavelengths.

• Inside a black hole: Similarly, radiation that falls toward the event horizon of a black hole would become extremely redshifted as it nears the horizon. Observers inside a black hole might see radiation from the external universe redshifted due to the intense gravitational field, stretching it to long wavelengths in a similar way. This redshift effect would make any radiation look lower in energy, potentially similar to the microwave background we observe in our universe.

3. A Perceived “Horizon” Surrounding Us

• In our universe: The observable universe has a cosmic horizon (the “surface of last scattering”) that marks the maximum distance from which we can receive information. This horizon exists because we can only see as far as light has traveled since the Big Bang, giving the impression of a boundary.

• Inside a black hole: An observer might also perceive a horizon of sorts, the event horizon, as a spherical boundary surrounding them. The curvature of space-time would make it appear as though this boundary encloses everything equally in all directions, not unlike how the CMB appears to us. Inside a black hole, this horizon would represent a point of no return, beyond which light cannot escape, similar to how we see the CMB as the “limit” of our observable universe.

4. Curved Space-Time and the Illusion of Flatness

• In our universe: The CMB and other observations suggest our universe is close to spatially flat, even though it’s curved on cosmological scales by the presence of matter and energy. This “apparent flatness” could be a feature of our limited observational horizon.

• Inside a black hole: If we were in a very large black hole, we might also detect local flatness due to the curvature of space-time being distributed over such a vast area. This could lead us to mistakenly conclude that space is flat within our observational limits, even though we’re in a globally curved black hole.

5. Holographic Principle and Information Encoding

• In our universe: Some interpretations of the holographic principle suggest that all information in our 3D universe could be encoded on a 2D surface, like a cosmic horizon or boundary—analogous to a black hole’s event horizon.

• Inside a black hole: Similarly, an observer inside a black hole might interpret the event horizon as encoding all the information about what lies inside the black hole. The radiation from this “holographic surface” could provide a sense of an all-encompassing structure, analogous to how the CMB acts as an informational boundary in our universe.

Could the CMB Actually Be a Signature of Being in a Black Hole?

Some speculative theories suggest that our universe could itself be inside a higher-dimensional black hole, and the CMB might be a kind of boundary radiation analogous to the Hawking radiation that we would expect from an event horizon. However, this idea is still highly theoretical and requires reconciling various aspects of black hole thermodynamics, quantum gravity, and cosmology.

In summary, while there are key differences, the CMB has several characteristics—isotropy, redshift, horizon behavior, and potential holographic implications—that intriguingly parallel what an observer might experience if they were within a black hole. These similarities are partly what inspire some cosmologists to explore black hole models of the universe.

Doesn't it a bit of a coincidence that we can almost see back to the big bang, however the expansion of the universe has just barely put it out of our reach? Especially if the universe were infinite.